In today’s accelerated evolution of medical technology, radiation-based diagnostic and therapeutic modalities have become foundational to clinical care delivery. The scale is staggering, more than 4.2 billion radiological examinations and 6.2 million radiation therapy treatments are performed globally each year as healthcare systems continue to expand imaging and treatment capacity. While these technologies are essential to modern healthcare, they also carry potential risks associated with exposure to ionising radiation. To address these risks, strict global standards and regulatory frameworks have been established to protect patients, healthcare professionals, and the public from unnecessary radiation exposure. These guidelines ensure that radiation is used safely, responsibly, and only when the clinical benefits outweigh the risks.